COMPOUND INGREDIENTS |
| Accelerator |
Added to the mix of rubber, fillers, sulphur, zinc oxide etc., to speed up the vulcanization process. |
| Activator |
A chemical added to the mix of rubber, fillers etc. to ‘kick off’ the vulcanization process. |
| Adhesive |
A substance capable of holding materials together by surface attachment. |
| Antidegradant |
Protects against oxidation, ozone, heat fatigue, crazing and rubber poisons. |
| Antioxidant |
Slows down the rate of oxidative degradation. |
| Antistatic agent |
Chemicals which when added to a rubber compound will help dissipate the buildup of electron charges, thereby eliminating a spark or shock risk. |
| Antiozonant |
Will slow down or halt degradation by ozone. Forms an ozone-impermeable barrier or skin on the rubber surface. |
| Batch |
Product of one mixing operation in an intermittent process. |
| Bonding agent |
See adhesive |
| Buna (S) |
Original German designation for co-polymers of styrene and butadiene. |
| Carbon black |
Elemental carbon in finely divided form used to reinforce elastomeric compounds. It may be produced by several processes, each imparting different properties to the carbon black, These are channel black, furnace black and thermal black. |
| Compound (raw) |
A mixture of rubber and all the additives which will be in the final vulcanized product but before heat is applied to effect the vulcanization. |
| Copolymer |
If two different monomers are mixed together before being polymerized the chain will have the different monomers distributed randomly along its length. This is a copolymer. If butadiene and styrene are co-polymerized the result is styrene butadiene rubber (SBR). |
| Curing agents |
Accelerators, retarders, crosslinkers, sulphur donors and sulphur, which will cause cross linking to occur. |
| Elastomer |
Describes any rubber or rubber-like material. |
| Extending oil |
Can be added to elastomers to soften them. |
| Fillers |
Inorganic materials such as calcium carbonate, silica, talc and clay, as well as carbon black, which are added to plastics and elastomers to ‘bulk them out’. |
| Free sulphur |
That portion of the sulfur originally present in the compound which did not react during vulcanization. |
| Gum compound |
A rubber compound containing only those ingredients necessary for vulcanization and small amounts or other ingredients such as process aids, colors and antioxidants. It contains no filler, reinforcing agents or plasticizers. |
| Hydrocarbon |
An organic chemical compound containing only the elements carbon and hydrogen. Aliphatic hydrocarbons are straight chain compounds and aromatic hydrocarbons are based on the cyclic or benzene ring. They may be gaseous, (methane, ethylene, butadiene) liquid (hexane, benzene) or solid (natural rubber, naphthalene, cis-polybutadiene). |
| Inhibitor |
A chemical to prevent premature vulcanization. |
| Latex |
An aqueous colloidal emulsion of rubber, natural or synthetic or certain plastics. It refers to the emulsion obtained from the tree or plant or produced by emulsion polymerization. |
| Lubricants |
Internal (mixed into the compound) to reduce tendency to stick to processing equipment or to lower heat build up on flexing. External (sprayed on) to reduce tendency to stick to a mold. |
| Masterbatch |
A homogeneous mixture of rubber and one or more materials in high proportions for use as a raw material in the final mixing of the compound. Masterbatches are used to improve dispersion of reinforcing agents, improve breakdown of the rubber, lower the heat history of a compound or facilitate the weighing or dispersion of small amounts of additives. |
| Monomer |
Monomer molecules can join together to form a polymer. |
| Olefin |
A family of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n. They contain one or more double bonds and hence, are chemically reactive. They are named after the corresponding paraffins by adding “-ene” or “ylene” to the stem. (Example: butadiene, from butane, having two (-di-) sets of double bonds). |
| Paraffins |
A class of aliphatic hydrocarbons characterized by saturated carbon chains. They vary from gases (Methane) to waxy solids. |
| Paste |
Description of a PVC resin dispersion in plasticizer, a plastisol. |
| Peptizer |
A chemical used in small proportions added to a rubber compound to accelerate by chemical action the breakdown and softening of rubber under the influence of mechanical action or heat, or both. |
| Peroxide |
Compound containing a bivalent -O-O- group in the molecule. The are strong oxidizing agents and are very reactive. Used in polymerization reactions and for cross-linking agents. |
| Plasticizer |
Mineral oils and synthetic plasticizers mainly used as extender. |
| Plastisol |
A suspension of a finely divided polymer (such as PVC) in a plasticizer. |
| Polyblend |
A term used to describe colloidal blends of compatible polymers such as PVC and nitrile rubber. |
| Polymer |
A macromolecular material formed by the chemical combination of monomers having either the same or different chemical composition. |
| Polyurethane |
A polymer connected by urethane groups. Urethane linkage and its supplements result from the reaction of polyol with isocyanate. High abrasion and low temperature resistance. PU or PUR for short. |
| Retarder |
A material used to reduce the tendency of a rubber compound to vulcanize prematurely. Same as scorch inhibitor. |
| Rubber |
A rubber compound consists of one or more polymers plus various components which improve processing and/or supply the finished rubber product with certain properties. See also "Vulcanization". |
| Skim coat |
A layer compound laid on a fabric but not forced into the weave. May be spread or calendered. |
| Specialty chemicals |
Bonding agents, peptizers, blowing agents, flame retarders, dyes, pigments and others. |
| Stabilizer |
A chemical used to prevent or retard degradation of rubber polymer by heat, light or atmospheric exposure. |
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